Abstract The situation of environmental vulnerability of some urban populations tends to be associated with their ignorance or indifference regarding the geological risk of their territories. However, this does not take into account that urban land occupation does not result simply from individual decisions, but from a complex dynamics between income, social class, race, social movements, and political-institutional arrangements. Based on this understanding, this study presents a reflection on the spatial distribution of risk and environmental and social vulnerabilities in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (MRBH). The analysis is based on the comparison between environmental risk maps and zoning maps of the three municipalities that make up the contributing area of the Arrudas watershed, the unit of analysis selected within the MRBH.

Resumo A situação de vulnerabilidade ambiental de algumas populações urbanas tende a ser associada a uma espécie de ignorância ou indiferença dessas populações sobre o risco geológico dos seus territórios. Isso, contudo, ignora que a ocupação do solo urbano não é simples fruto de decisões individuais, mas, sim, da dinâmica complexa entre renda, classe social, racialidade, movimentos sociais e arranjos político-institucionais. A partir dessa compreensão, apresenta-se uma reflexão acerca da distribuição espacial do risco e das vulnerabilidades ambiental e social na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH). A análise baseia-se no cruzamento de mapas de riscos ambientais e de zoneamento dos três municípios componentes da área de contribuição da bacia hidrográfica do Arrudas, unidade de análise selecionada dentro da RMBH.

ABSTRACT: This article presents a literature review on reports about people with autism in research carried out in the areas of Education, Psychology, Medicine, and Nursing. We collected twenty-two articles in the SciELO database between 2008 and 2021, using the keywords autism and interviews. We analyzed the data using the Content Analysis technique (BARDIN, 2016) with the help of ATLAS.ti software. We discussed the categories raised, diagnosis and health; education; and family relationships from the theoretical-methodological perspectives of Vygotsky (2003) and Bronfenbrenner (1996). Such an analysis made it possible to relate personal and social issues based on the socio-historical and bioecological relationships that involve the lives of subjects with autism. The results show the interference between the insufficient supply of services and social support policies and these people's development; the importance of school and the inadequate teacher training; and the repercussions of this development in family routines, especially in the life of the mother figure.

RESUMEN: Este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre los relatos acerca de las personas con autismo en las investigaciones realizadas en los campos de Educación, Psicología, Medicina y Enfermería. Se recogieron 22 artículos de la base de datos SciELO, entre 2008 y 2021, utilizando las palabras clave autismo y entrevistas. Los datos se analizaron mediante la técnica de Análisis de Contenido (BARDIN, 2016), con la ayuda del software ATLAS.ti. Las categorías planteadas, diagnóstico y salud; educación; y relaciones familiares, fueron discutidas desde las perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas de Vygotsky (2003) y Bronfenbrenner (1996). Este análisis permitió relacionar las cuestiones personales con las sociales, a partir de las relaciones socio-históricas y bioecológicas que envuelven la vida de los sujetos con autismo. Los resultados señalan la interferencia entre la insuficiente oferta de servicios y políticas de apoyo social y el desarrollo de estas personas; la importancia de la escuela y la deficiente formación docente; y las repercusiones de este desarrollo en las rutinas familiares, especialmente en la vida de la figura materna.

RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre relatos acerca de pessoas com autismo em pesquisas realizadas nos campos da Educação, Psicologia, Medicina e Enfermagem. Foram coletados 22 artigos na base de dados SciELO, entre os anos de 2008 e 2021, a partir das palavras-chave autismo e entrevistas. Os dados foram analisados pela técnica da Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2016), com o auxílio do software ATLAS.ti. As categorias levantadas - diagnóstico e saúde; educação; e relações familiares - foram discutidas a partir das perspectivas teórico-metodológicas de Vygotsky (2003) e Bronfenbrenner (1996). Tal análise permitiu relacionar as questões pessoais com as sociais, tomando por base as relações socio-históricas e bioecológicas que envolvem a vida dos sujeitos com autismo. Os resultados apontam para a interferência entre a insuficiência de oferta de serviços e políticas de suporte social e o desenvolvimento dessas pessoas; a importância da escola e a deficitária formação docente; e as repercussões desse desenvolvimento nas rotinas familiares, sobretudo na vida da figura materna.

This article presents a literature review on reports about people with autism in research carried out in the Education, Psychology, Medicine and Nursing’s areas. Twenty two articles were collected in the SciELO database, between the years 2008 and 2021, using the keywords autism and interviews. Data were analyzed using the Content Analysis technique (BARDIN, 2016), with the help of ATLAS.ti software. The categories raised, diagnosis and health; education; and family relationships, were discussed from the theoretical-methodological perspectives of Vygotsky (2003) and Bronfenbrenner (1996). Such analysis made it possible to relate personal and social issues, based on the socio-historical and bioecological relationships that involve the lives of subjects with autism. The results show the interference between the insufficient supply of services and social support policies and the development of these people; the importance of the school and the deficient teacher training; and the repercussions of this development in family routines, especially in the life of the mother figure.

Este artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre los relatos acerca de las personas con autismo en las investigaciones realizadas en los campos de Educación, Psicología, Medicina y Enfermería. Se recogieron 22 artículos de la base de datos SciELO, entre 2008 y 2021, utilizando las palabras clave autismo y entrevistas. Los datos se analizaron mediante la técnica de Análisis de Contenido (BARDIN, 2016), con la ayuda del software ATLAS.ti. Las categorías planteadas, diagnóstico y salud; educación; y relaciones familiares, fueron discutidas desde las perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas de Vygotsky (2003) y Bronfenbrenner (1996). Este análisis permitió relacionar las cuestiones personales con las sociales, a partir de las relaciones socio-históricas y bio-ecológicas que envuelven la vida de los sujetos con autismo. Los resultados señalan la interferencia entre la insuficiente oferta de servicios y políticas de apoyo social y el desarrollo de estas personas; la importancia de la escuela y la deficiente formación del profesorado; y las repercusiones de este desarrollo en las rutinas familiares, especialmente en la vida de la figura materna.

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre relatos acerca de pessoas com autismo em pesquisas realizadas nos campos da Educação, Psicologia, Medicina e Enfermagem. Foram coletados 22 artigos na base de dados SciELO, entre os anos de 2008 e 2021, a partir das palavras-chave autismo e entrevistas. Os dados foram analisados pela técnica da Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2016), com o auxílio do software ATLAS.ti. As categorias levantadas, diagnóstico e saúde; educação; e relações familiares, foram discutidas a partir das perspectivas teórico-metodológicas de Vygotsky (2003) e Bronfenbrenner (1996). Tal análise permitiu relacionar as questões pessoais com as sociais, tomando por base as relações sóciohistóricas e bioecológicas que envolvem a vida dos sujeitos com autismo. Os resultados apontam para a interferência entre a insuficiência de oferta de serviços e políticas de suporte social e o desenvolvimento destas pessoas; a importância da escola e a deficitária formação docente; e as repercussões deste desenvolvimento nas rotinas familiares, sobretudo na vida da figura materna.

Abstract To produce pitaya (Hylocereus spp.), it is essential that pollination occur, either artificially or by pollinating agents. This study evaluated the viability of self-pollination, cross-pollination, and natural pollination, as well as pollen viability, stigma receptivity and ideal pollination window in pitaya flowers (Hylocereus spp.). An experiment was conducted with a randomized block design consisting of four treatments: T1: manual self-pollination; T2: nocturnal open pollination; T3: diurnal open pollination; and T4: manual cross-pollination - red-fleshed pitaya [ Hylocereus polyrhizus] pollen placed on white-fleshed pitaya [ Hylocereus undatus] stigma. The experiment had four replicates, with two plants per replicate (two flowers per plant), totaling 16 flowers per treatment. The analyzed variables were fruit weight, length, diameter, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, and SS/TA ratio; the germination percentage of pollen grains; and the receptivity of stigmas. Artificial pollination (self- and cross-pollination) of white-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is viable, resulting in larger fruits than natural pollination, with cross-pollination being the most recommended. Throughout the floral opening period, the pitaya flower (Hylocereus spp.) has receptive stigma capable of receiving pollen. The flowers exhibit the highest pollen germination rate at 7 p.m, which is the ideal pollination window for pitaya.

Abstract Peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) has been shown to be a neurological manifestation of COVID-19. The current study presents two cases of PFP after COVID-19, along with a rapid review of known cases in the literature. Both case reports were conducted following CARE guidelines. We also performed a systematic review of PFP cases temporally related to COVID-19 using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases on August 30, 2021, using a rapid review methodology. The two patients experienced PFP 102 and 110 days after COVID-19 symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in nasal samples through reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) testing. Anosmia was the only other neurological manifestation. PFP was treated with steroids in both cases, with complete subsequent recovery. In the rapid review, we identified 764 articles and included 43 studies. From those, 128 patients with PFP were analyzed, of whom 42.1% (54/128) were male, 39.06% (50/128) female, and in 23 cases the gender was not reported. The age range was 18 to 59 (54.68%). The median time between COVID-19 and PFP was three days (ranging from the first symptom of COVID-19 to 40 days after the acute phase of infection). Late PFP associated with COVID-19 presents mild symptoms and improves with time, with no identified predictors. Late PFP should be added to the spectrum of neurological manifestations associated with the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection as a post COVID-19 condition.

RESUMO Este estudo comparou a capacidade de modelagem dos sistemas reciprocante de lima única (WaveOne Gold) e rotatórios com múltiplas limas (Mtwo) em caninos ovais inferiores, usando microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT). Trinta caninos inferiores foram escaneados por micro-CT e divididos em dois grupos (n = 15) de acordo com o sistema usado durante o preparo do canal radicular: WaveOne Gold (WOG) e Mtwo. Os dentes foram reeescaneados e a porcentagem de área do canal não preparada, transporte apical e capacidade de centralização foram analisados. Os dados foram avaliados pelos testes de Kruskal Wallis e Mann-Whitney (p<0,05). Nenhuma diferença foi encontrada na porcentagem de área não preparada entre os grupos em todo o canal radicular e no terço apical e na capacidade de centralização (p>0,05). O sistema WOG promoveu menor transporte do canal do que o sistema Mtwo na região de 5mm aquém do ápice (p<0,05). Os sistemas WOG e Mtwo apresentaram capacidade de modelagem e capacidade de centralização semelhantes em canais ovais. No entanto, WOG promoveu menor transporte do que Mtwo a 5 mm do ápice.

ABSTRACT This study compared the shaping ability of single-file reciprocating (WaveOne Gold) and multifile rotary (Mtwo) systems on mandibular oval-shaped canine root canals, using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Thirty mandibular canines were scanned by micro-CT and assigned to one of two groups (n=15) according to the system used for root canal preparation: WaveOne Gold or Mtwo. After preparation, the teeth were rescanned, and the percentage of untouched canal area, apical transportation and centering ability were analyzed. The data was evaluated using Kruskal and Mann- Whitney tests (p<0.05). No difference was found in percentage of unprepared canal area between groups in the entire root canal or the apical third, or in centering ability (p>0.05). WaveOne gold had less canal transportation than MTwo at the 5 mm section (p<0.05). WOG and Mtwo systems presented similar shaping ability and centering ability in oval-shaped canals. However, WOG presented less transportation than Mtwo at 5 mm from the apex.

Essential oils (EOs) of the leaves of three Eugenia punicifolia specimens from two different Reservation Parks, namely Parque Nacional das Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba (EpNRP-I and EpNRP-II) and Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas (EpCM), in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, were extracted by hydrodistillation and investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses indicated differences between the samples. Antiproliferative EOs activity was determined for U-251 (glioblastoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI/ADR-RES (multidrug-resistant ovarian adenocarcinoma), OVCAR-3 (ovarian adenocarcinoma), HT-29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), and HaCaT (non-tumor keratinocyte) cell lines applying the colorimetric method using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) to determine the GI50 (50% growth inhibition) concentration. The extraction yields of the analyzed EOs were 0.58, 1.42 and 0.84%. The main constituents identified in two samples were α-pinene (49.75%), 1,8-cineole (13.77%) and (-terpineol (7.32%), and in the third sample, germacrene B (16.25%), (E)-caryophyllene (13.21%) and β-pinene (12.81%). The main GI50 results for sample EpNRP-I were noted for the U-251 (2.13 µg mL−1) and MCF-7 (6.72 µg mL−1) tumor lines. For the non-tumoral line HaCaT, the calculated GI50 was higher than the positive control comprising doxorubicin hydrochloride (13.35 µg mL−1). In addition, a flow cytometry analysis revealed that this same sample arrests the cell cycle of the MCF-7 line in the second interphase stage.

The death of professor Rolf Huisgen (1920-2020) was announced on March 26th 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Professor Huisgen was professor emeritus at the University of Munich in Germany, and studied in detail the mechanism of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, significantly expanding its scope. Even though he did not discover this reaction, it was through his studies that it became important in organic synthesis. Indeed, in honor of his work, the reaction became known as Huisgen’s cycloaddition and it has been consolidated as a useful method for the preparation of five-membered heterocyclic compounds. Considering these facts, in this review we provide an overview on the applications of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, starting with the seminal examples in the field and further discussing the most recent applications.

Abstract: Accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD) in root canal irregularities may negatively impact adequate root canal disinfection. In light of this, the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) to reduce AHTD has been largely studied in in vitro studies, which have adopted different analytic methods of varying accuracy to determine the extent of AHTD more correctly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare how well PUI and non-activated irrigation (NAI) systems perform in reducing AHTD during final irrigation protocols, based exclusively on studies whose analyses used microCT scanning. A systematic search of the studies published up to April 2020 was performed using MeSH terms and free terms, in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS (Lilacs and BBO) and Embase. The inclusion criteria consisted of laboratory studies that evaluated the amount of AHTD, and compared PUI with NAI protocols using microCT analysis. The risk of bias in the selected studies was assessed critically by two reviewers. A meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan software program (P<0.05), and included studies providing the standardized mean difference (SMD), using a fixed effect model, and adopting a confidence interval of 95%. In all, 3495 studies were identified, three of which met the inclusion criteria. All three were considered as having a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis comparing the ability of PUI and NAI protocols to remove hard tissue debris showed a higher percentage of AHTD reduction (P<0.01) for PUI, with a confidence interval of 1.41 [0.79, 2.02]. The heterogeneity among the studies was 82% (I2). Considering the limitations of the present study, this systematic review and meta-analysis showed that PUI was more effective than NAI in removing hard tissue debris, based exclusively on studies that used microCT scanning to provide a more precise analysis of the two techniques used. The findings presented in the present study reinforce the concept that PUI can increase residue removal and improve the cleanliness of the root canal in endodontic treatments.

Resumo Retinopatia externa oculta zonal aguda (AZOOR) foi descrita pela primeira vez por Gass em 1993 como uma síndrome com perda rápida de uma ou mais zonas extensas dos segmentos externos da retina. Paciente masculino, 35 anos, portador de doença de Crohn, queixando-se de dor ocular eventual e nictalopia em olho direito desde infância. Em uso regular de azatioprina e mesalazina. melhor acuidade visual 20/20 AO. À fundoscopia, lesões hiperpigmentadas em arcada temporal inferior de olho direito, em treliça, acompanhando vasculatura local. Após exclusão de diagnósticos diferenciais chegou-se ao diagnóstico de Azoor. Azoor é uma síndrome idiopática caracterizada por um quadro agudo início de fotopsia, escotoma ou ambos e é tipicamente associado a uma perda persistente de função visual que envolve uma ou mais zonas da retina externa. Apesar dos sintomas clássicos de fotopsia, o paciente em questão teve uma apresentação clínica atípica. Descrevemos um caso ocorrido em indivíduo do sexo masculino em região periférica apresentando afinamento coroidiano e com doença autoimune associada. Dessa forma, acreditamos que é necessária maior investigação para verificar a etiologia da alteração coroideana e da associação com a doença específica.

Abstract Acute zonal occult external retinopathy (AZOOR) was first described by Gass in 1993 as a syndrome with rapid loss of one or more large areas of the external retinal segments. Male, 35 years, with Crohn's disease complaining of occasional eye pain and right eye nictalopia since childhood. In regular use of azathioprine and mesalazine. better visual acuity 20/20 OU. At fundoscopy, hyperpigmented lesions in the right temporal arcade of the right eye, in trellis, accompanying local vasculature. After exclusion of differential diagnoses, Azoor's diagnosis was reached. Azoor is an idiopathic syndrome characterized by an acute onset of photopsy, scotoma or both and is typically associated with a persistent loss of visual function involving one or more areas of the external retina. Despite classic photopsy symptoms, the patient in question had an atypical clinical presentation. We describe a case of a peripheral male with choroidal thinning and associated autoimmune disease. Thus, we believe that further investigation is necessary to verify the etiology of choroidal alteration and its association with the specific disease.

Resumo As pandemias, como a da COVID-19, afetam uma quantidade relativamente grande de pessoas e impõem novas regras e hábitos sociais para a população mundial. As informações sobre a pandemia são constantes na mídia. Além disso, o distanciamento social foi adotado no Brasil como medida de prevenção da disseminação da COVID-19, o que pode ter consequências econômicas e psicossociais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os fatores associados a indicadores de sintomas de transtornos mentais em residentes do Rio Grande do Sul, durante o período inicial da política de distanciamento social decorrente da pandemia da COVID-19. O estudo foi aprovado pelo CONEP. Participaram 799 pessoas, com idades entre 18 e 75 anos (M = 36,56; DP = 12,88), 82,7% mulheres, que responderam um questionário sociodemográfico, de distanciamento social e ao Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Os resultados indicaram que ter renda diminuída no período, fazer parte do grupo de risco e estar mais exposto a informações sobre mortos e infectados, são fatores que podem provocar maior prejuízo na saúde mental nesse período pandemia. Investigar determinantes sociais que contribuem para maior vulnerabilidade ao adoecimento mental da população é importante no campo da saúde coletiva para o planejamento de ações e políticas públicas.

Abstract Pandemics such as that of COVID-19 affect a relatively large number of people and impose new rules and social habits on the world population. Information about the pandemic is constant in the media. Moreover, social distancing has been adopted in Brazil to prevent the spread of COVID-19, which may have economic and psychosocial consequences. This study aimed to verify the factors associated with indicators of mental disorders symptoms in residents of Rio Grande do Sul during the initial period of the social distancing policy. The study was approved by CONEP. There were 799 participants, aged between 18 and 75 years (M = 36.56; SD = 12.88); 82.7% were women, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire of social distancing and the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). The results indicated that having decreased income in the period, being part of the risk group and being more exposed to information about deaths and infected, are factors that can significantly harm mental health in this pandemic period. Investigating social determinants that contribute to greater vulnerability to the mental illness of the population is vital in the field of collective health for the planning of public actions and policies.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do número de pares de linhas em radiografia intraoral digital, na precisão da detecção de reabsorção radicular externa. Quarenta molares inferiores (n=80 raízes) foram submetidos ao preparo químico mecânico e em então, metade da amostra foi obturada. Em seguida, as raízes dos dentes foram aleatoriamente divididas de acordo com o tamanho da reabsorção radicular a ser simulada e com a presença e ausência de tratamento endodôntico. As RRE foram realizadas com brocas esféricas diamantadas de tamanhos 1/2, 1, 2. Executouse radiografias digitais por meio do sistema de aquisição semidireto com a utilização de placas de fósforo fotoestimuladas (PSP). Em cada dente, incidências orto, mésio e distorradial foram repetidas quatro vezes, para que pudessem ser digitalizadas com resoluções de 10, 20, 25, 40 pl/mm. Após análise, verificouse que dentes obturados apresentaram menores valores de sensibilidade com 10, 20 e 25 pl/mm e maiores valores de especificidade e acurácia para as mesmas resoluções. Dentes sem obturação registraram maiores valores de sensibilidade para resolução 20 e menor para 40; no entanto, a especificidade e a acurácia, foram maiores com 40 e menores em 10. Em RRE pequena, as resoluções 10 e 25 pl/mm foram respecti vamente menos e mais acuradas; RRE média, foi maior com 40 pl/mm e RRE grandes foram melhores identificadas com 25. Correlacionando acertos no diagnóstico com localização das RRE, verificouse que o terço cervical apresentouse menos detectável. Concluiuse que resolução espacial influenciou a detecção de RRE simuladas em radiografias periapicais digitais.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of spatial resolution (line pairs per millimetre – lp/mm) on the diagnosis of simulated external root resorption (ERR) in multirooted teeth by using digital periapical radiography. Forty human mandibular molars (80 roots) were used. The roots were divided into the following groups (n = 10): control without root filling (WORF), control with root filling (WRF), small ERRWORF, small ERRWRF, moderate ERRWORF, moderate ERRWRF, extensive ERRWORF and extensive ERRWRF. Four digital radiographs (phosphor storage plates – PSP system) were taken of each tooth in three angulations. The PSPs were scanned with 10, 20, 25 and 40 lp/mm. All images were assessed by three endodontists who used a fivepoint scale for presence and absence of ERR and classified its location (cervical, middle or apical third). ROC curves and oneway ANOVA were performed (p < 0.01). Diagnosis of ERR in nonrootfilled teeth showed higher values of sensitivity for 20 lp/mm and higher values of both specificity and accuracy for 40 lp/mm. In rootfilled teeth, sensitivity and accuracy were higher for 25 lp/mm and spatial resolution had no influence on specificity. The best resolution for diagnosis of small and extensive ERR was 25 lp/mm, whereas for moderate ERR, it was 40 lp/mm. Cervical ERR was the most difficult to diagnose, regardless of the spatial resolution. Higher spatial resolutions have improved the radiographic diagnosis of simulated ERR in multirooted teeth and this should be considered when performing digital radiographs.

RESUMO Este estudo avaliou a morfologia interna dos dentes incisivos inferiores utilizando imagens de microtomografia computado rizada (microTC). 89 incisivos inferiores foram escaneados por microCT e reconstruídos com o programa NRecon. Parâmetros 2D perímetro, comprimento da raiz, circularidade e diâmetro do canal e parâmetros 3D volume, área superficial e índice de modelo de estrutura foram avaliados com os softwares CTAn e CTVol. Os resultados foram apresentados de forma descritiva. 89,9% dos canais apresentaram um único canal radicular principal (tipo I), seguido pelo tipo II (6,7%) e III (3,4%). 5,6% dos espécimes apresentavam canais laterais e 1,1% delta apical. O volume médio e a área de superfície foram 31,80mm³ e 90,58mm², respectivamente. A forma mais prevalente do canal radicular no nível da CEJ foi circular (41,6%) e a 1 mm do ápice, 73% das amostras foram classificadas como ovais. Incisivos inferiores com variações anatômicas internas podem oferecer um alto grau de complexidade técnica e resultar em falha do tratamento.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the internal morphology of lower incisors using computerized microtomography (microCT) images. Eightynine lower incisors were scanned by microCT and reconstructed with NRecon software. 2D parameters (perimeter, root length, circularity and canal diameter) and 3D parameters (volume, surface area and structure model index) were evaluated with CTAn and CTVol software. The results are presented descriptively. It was found that 89.9% of the canals had a single main root canal (type I), followed by type II (6.7%) and III (3.4%), while 5.6% of the specimens presented lateral canals and 1.1% had an apical delta. Mean volume and surface area were 31.80mm³ and 90.58mm², respectively. The most prevalent shape of the root canal at CEJ level was circular (41.6%) and 1mm from the apex, 73% of the samples were classified as oval. Lower incisors with internal anatomical variations may offer a high degree of technical complexity and may result in treatment failure.

Pandemics, such as COVID-19 affect a relatively large number of people and impose new rules and social habits for the whole population. Information about the pandemic are constant in the media. Social distancing was also initiated in Brazil as a measure to prevent the spread of the new coronavirus, which can have economic and psychosocial consequences. In this context, the objective of this paper was to verify the association between social distance, impact on family income and exposure to information, with indicators of symptoms of mental disorders in residents of the state of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was approved by CONEP/BR. 799 people participated, 18 - 75 years old (M = 36.56; SD = 12.88), 82.7% women, who answered a sociodemographic and social distance questionnaire, and the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ -20). The results indicated that not being a health worker, having a reduced income in the period, being part of the risk group and being more exposed to information about dead and infected people, are factors that can cause greater damage to mental health in this pandemic period. These factors and their association with social distance are discussed.

As pandemias, como a de COVID-19, afetam uma quantidade relativamente grande de pessoas e impõem, pelo tempo que duram, novas regras e hábitos sociais para a população mundial. As informações sobre a pandemia são constantes na mídia. Além disso, o distanciamento social foi adotado também no Brasil como medida de prevenção da disseminação do novo coronavírus, o que pode ter consequências econômicas e psicossociais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre o distanciamento social, impacto na renda familiar e exposição a informações com os indicadores de sintomas de transtornos mentais em residentes do estado do Rio Grande do Sul durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O estudo foi aprovado pelo CONEP. Participaram 799 pessoas, com idades entre 18 e 75 anos (M = 36,56; DP = 12,88), 82,7% mulheres, que responderam um questionário sociodemográfico e sobre o distanciamento social, além do Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Os resultados indicaram que não ser trabalhador da saúde, ter renda diminuída no período, fazer parte do grupo de risco e estar mais exposto a informações sobre mortos e infectados, são fatores que podem provocar maior prejuízo na saúde mental nesse período pandemia. Discute-se esses fatores e sua associação ao distanciamento social.

Resumo As pandemias, como a da COVID-19, afetam uma quantidade relativamente grande de pessoas e impõem novas regras e hábitos sociais para a população mundial. As informações sobre a pandemia são constantes na mídia. Além disso, o distanciamento social foi adotado no Brasil como medida de prevenção da disseminação da COVID-19, o que pode ter consequências econômicas e psicossociais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os fatores associados a indicadores de sintomas de transtornos mentais em residentes do Rio Grande do Sul, durante o período inicial da política de distanciamento social decorrente da pandemia da COVID-19. O estudo foi aprovado pelo CONEP. Participaram 799 pessoas, com idades entre 18 e 75 anos (M = 36,56; DP = 12,88), 82,7% mulheres, que responderam um questionário sociodemográfico, de distanciamento social e ao Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Os resultados indicaram que ter renda diminuída no período, fazer parte do grupo de risco e estar mais exposto a informações sobre mortos e infectados, são fatores que podem provocar maior prejuízo na saúde mental nesse período pandemia. Investigar determinantes sociais que contribuem para maior vulnerabilidade ao adoecimento mental da população é importante no campo da saúde coletiva para o planejamento de ações e políticas públicas.

Abstract Pandemics such as that of COVID-19 affect a relatively large number of people and impose new rules and social habits on the world population. Information about the pandemic is constant in the media. Moreover, social distancing has been adopted in Brazil to prevent the spread of COVID-19, which may have economic and psychosocial consequences. This study aimed to verify the factors associated with indicators of mental disorders symptoms in residents of Rio Grande do Sul during the initial period of the social distancing policy. The study was approved by CONEP. There were 799 participants, aged between 18 and 75 years (M = 36.56; SD = 12.88); 82.7% were women, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire of social distancing and the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). The results indicated that having decreased income in the period, being part of the risk group and being more exposed to information about deaths and infected, are factors that can significantly harm mental health in this pandemic period. Investigating social determinants that contribute to greater vulnerability to the mental illness of the population is vital in the field of collective health for the planning of public actions and policies.